The U.S. is grappling with a historic surge in egg prices, driven by a widespread outbreak of avian influenza (bird flu) that has devastated poultry flocks nationwide. As farmers scramble to contain the virus, consumers face sticker shock at grocery stores, with prices expected to rise another 20% in 2025. Here’s what you need to know about the crisis, its causes, and how to safely navigate egg purchases.

Egg Prices Hit Decade Highs

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,the average price per dozen was $4.10 at the end of 2024, That’s twice as much as in August 2023. Underscoring the volatility of egg markets in recent years. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) warns that egg prices will outpace most food categories in 2025, rising nearly 10 times faster than the predicted 2.2% increase for overall food costs.

Other staples like beef, coffee, and orange juice are also expected to climb in price, but none as sharply as eggs.

Bird Flu: The Primary Culprit

The ongoing outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has infected over 145 million birds across all 50 states since 2022, per CDC data. In late 2024 alone, 17.2 million egg-laying hens were culled to curb the virus’s spread, crippling supply.

“Bird flu remains an ongoing threat to our egg farms,” said Emily Metz, CEO of the American Egg Board. “Farmers are working around the clock to protect their birds and replenish supply, but recovery takes time.”

While the risk to humans remains low (only 67 U.S. cases since 2022), the economic fallout is severe. Each infection forces farmers to slaughter entire flocks, leading to weeks-long delays in restocking and production.

When Will Prices Drop?

The USDA predicts stabilization only when poultry farms recover flocks and contain outbreaks. However, experts caution that timelines are uncertain. “No one can predict the future,” Metz noted, though improved biosecurity measures may hasten recovery.

How to Safely Buy and Handle Eggs

Despite concerns, properly handled eggs pose minimal risk. Health experts and the FDA recommend:

1. Buy refrigerated eggs: Avoid cracked or expired cartons.
2. Store promptly: Keep eggs in the fridge and use within 3 weeks.
3. Cook thoroughly: Ensure yolks and whites are firm (160°F for dishes).
4. Consider pasteurized eggs: These eliminate pathogens and are safer for raw/undercooked use.

“There’s no evidence that properly handled eggs transmit avian flu to people,” said Dr. Timothy Brewer, UCLA epidemiologist.

The Bigger Picture

The bird flu crisis highlights vulnerabilities in food supply chains. While farmers adapt with stricter safety protocols, consumers may need to brace for prolonged price hikes. For now, vigilance in storage and cooking—along with patience—is key to navigating the egg shortage.

Stay informed with USDA and CDC updates for the latest on bird flu and food safety guidelines.